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COMMONWEALTH HEADS OF GOVERNMENT MEETING
THE NASSAU COMMUNIQUE
OCTOBER 19.85
Commonwealth Secretariat
Cable Beach Hotel
Nassau
22 October 1985
1HE NASSAU I) CLARATION ON ^ RLD ORDE(
1. On the Fortieth Anniversary of the kounding of the United Nations,
we, the Comnonweslth leads of Government assembled at Nassau, recall to all
countries and peoples tho need for world order and the central importance of
the United Nations system in which all should participate and from which all
should benefit. In the world of today and of tomorrow, international
co-operation is not an option but a necessity.
2. We believe that at this historic moment our world society should
take stock of its considerable achievements as well as its failures, and
allow hope and encouragement from the former to strengthen resolve in
redressing the latter. Yet these very achievements make the more disturbing
any movement away from aultllateralism and' internationalism from a world
aspiring to be governed by fair and open rules towards unilateral action and
growing ascendance of power in all spheres: economic, political and
military. We warn that a return to narrow nationalisms, both economic and
plitical, in a climate of tension and confrontation between nations
ightened by the nuclear arms race, Invites again the dangers from which the
world set out to rid itself at San Francisco n 1945. We issue that warning
mindful that the nuclear menace ieperils all peoples and nations and the very
survival of our human species.
3. The conduct of relations between nations necessitates adherence to,
and preservation of, certain accepted international norms and principles. A
retreat from these norms and principles Indreases the threat to the sovereignlty,
independence, unity and territorial integrity of states. In particular,
we are concerned that the world com4nlty face up to the nature and
needs of small states, many of them among our membership, respond to their
particular vulnerability with imagination and resolve and work to create an
environment for their protection and support.
4. As a Coqonealth whose great majority live in poverty, we believe
it imperative that that world community redouble its efforts to enlarge the
prospects of social and economic advance for three-quarters of the human
race. We recognise the progress achieved in developing countries in the last
four decades through domestic effort and international support. However, the
world must make better use of its collective resources to secure more equitable
progress for all. In a global community of acknowledged and increasing
interdependence between nations, which is undergoing rapid technological
advance and which has the resources to meet the needs of all, the continuing
disparities that divide the world's rich and poor are a daily reminder that
only partnership and collective effort and reognition of economic realites
will give a fresh thrust to growth and devel pment for all. There is th a
pressing need to renew the consensus on international co-operation ior
development within the United system and to revitalise multilateral institutions
to meet the goals of our global society for sustainable economic growth
within a framework of stability.
S. We recognise that the United Nations and its institutions are not
without imperfections, but are convinced tha-the solutipn lies not In their
rejection but in their rejuvenation Usiig the system effectively is as
important as changing it. We therefore we come the efforts of the United
Nations Secretary-General and others to enhance the efectiveness of the
world body and its capacity to prevent and resolve conflicts, and pledge to
work to this end.
6. In the spirit of international democracy to tdiich we attach imprtance
we hope that all nations will demonstrate the desite to seek accord and
the will to negotiate constructively wh~ ich are crucial to the success of
Elobal Institutions. We believe that tlie Comonwem 1this way of doing
Cuiness. of seeking consensus based on equality . and justice between nations,
serves as an example for all.
7. Therfore, as leaders of the Comonweealth comrising One thousand
million people and third of the world's nations, and mindful that obligations
devolve upon us separately and collectively:.
-We comit ourselves and our nations to work tirelessly
In the pursuit of a wirld marked -not by
disorder and the use of campetitive power but one
governed by the principles of ' collective ihternational
co-operation and res t for the rights of
all nations and peoples as h necessary fotuidation
for lasting peace and assured economic and social
developmsent;
-We reaffirm our comsituent to the principles and
precps of the Chiarter of the'United Nations, and
totegoal of strengthening the United Nations
system as the central Instrument of peace, se curity
and co-operation among nations. As we ourselves
categorically reject the use or, threat of force as
a means of settling disputes wo appeal ! to all
governiments to work to strengtl6e the institutions
which contribute to orderly resolution of
differences between nations and which sustain peace;
-We re-dedicate ourselves to th principles of
self -determination, non-racialismlhu= freedo
and equality, and co-operation ' between nat~ Ons, in
the service of iuternatioa understandino,
development and world peace, 4Aich have guidedth
Cinonwealth throughout Its evolton;
-We pledge ourselves to play a full part in'revitahiin
International co-operation for de" lopment
and concerted action to confront the cruciax Iss$
of international economic Inequality;
* We call upon the world ty to0o iCcOM M rct a
framework of collective seuriy based on mutual
trust and shared Interest. I1 nations have a
stake in disarmaet. Ne therefore look Eoi urgent
agreement in reversing the ! erms race and an
signlf icant reducns, and e" e tual eliminition Of
nuclear and other weapons of malt, destruction;
-We Invite all peoples and na~ ions to join in a
universal effort to fulfil these, objections.'
believing that the tbm. of t 6 11tAi1mthit vrary celebrutions,
-the ' Vnatid ations for a better worldP, resse a prfoud use, w place
the Cmonralth's proven qalities of 11defstAndirng ad bridge-building
across te divides of race, reliion acd Snomic end political syste, at
the service of the United Nations and of all effort, t* MaOe it more effective.
We do so convinced that in the futuie of the U ted Nations ies the
future of humanity.
Adopted by Heads of Governent
21 October, 18S.
ThE coWOWELV ACM= R ON SJflDN MICA
We consider that South Africa's continuing refusal to dismantle
apartheid, its illegal occupation of Namibia, and its aggression alainst its
neighbours constitute a serious challenge to the values and principles of the
Comowealth, a challenge which Cmmonweulth countries cannot ignore. At New
Delhi we expressed the view that " only the eradication of apartheid and the
establishment of majority rule on the besis of free and fair exercise of
universal adult suffrage by all the people in a united and non-fragmented
South Africa can lead to a just and lasting solution of the explosive
situation prevailing in Southern Africa." We are united In the belief that
reliance on the range of pressures adopted so far ies not resulted in the
fundamental changes we have sought" over ma*. years. The growing crisis and
intensified repression in South Africa mean that apartheid must be dismantled
now If a greater tragedy is to be averted and that concerted pressure must be
brought to bear to achieve that end. We consider that the situation calls for
urgent practical steps.
2. We, therefore, call on the authorities in Pretoria for the following
steps to be taken in a genuine manner and as a matter of urgency:
Declare that the system of apartheid will be dismantled
and specific and meaningful action taken in fulfilment
of that Intent.
Terminate the existing state of emergency.
Release imediately and unconditionally Nelson Mandels
and all others imprisoned and detained for their opposition
to apartle id.
Establish political freedom a nd specifically lift the
existing ban on the African National Congress and other
political parties.
Initiate, in the context of a suspension of violence on
all sides, a process of dialogue across lines of colour,
politics and religion, with a view to establishing a
non-racial and representative government.
3. We have agreed on a number of measures which have as their rationale
impressing on the authorities in Pretoria the c* peiling urgency of
dismantling aprtheid and erecting the structures of democracy in " nuth
Africa. The latter, in particular, demands a process 6f dialogue inv. ving
the true representatives of the majority black populatioo of South Africa. We
believe that we must do all we can to assist that process, while recognising
that the forms of political settlement in South Africa are for the people
that country all the people to determine.
4. To this end, we have decided to establish a small group of eminent
Commonwealth persons to encourage through all practicable ways the evolution
of that necessary process of politica dialogue. ie art not unmindful of the
difficulties such an effort will encounter, inctLiudit the possibility of
initial rejection by the South African authorities, but, we believe It to be
our duty to leave nothing undone that might contribute to peaceful change in
South Africa aind avoid tiw dreadful prospect of vrolent conflict that looms
over South Africa, threatening people of a11 races in the country,, and the
peace and stability of the entire Southern Africa region.
S. We are asking th President Of Zaai and the . Prim Ministers of
Australia.. The Beam Canada, India. the United zing~ om and Zimbabwe to
develop with the Secretary-General the modalities of this effort to assist the
process of political dialogue io South Africa. We would look to the group of
eminent persons to seek to facilitate the processes of dialogue referred to in
paragraph 2( e) above anid by all practicable means to advance the fulfilment of
the objectives of this Accord.
6. For our part, we have as an earnest of our opppettion to apartheid
reached accord on a programe of cqmmon action as follows:
we declare the Cominwealth's support for the strictest
enforcement of the madatory arms ebargo, against South
Africa. in accordance with United Nations Security Council
Resolutions 418 anid 558 and comit ourse~ ves to prosecute
violators to the fullest extent of the law;
( 11) we reaffirm the Gleneagles Declaration of 1977, which
called upon Ciorealth -meehrs to take every practical
stop to discourage sportinig contacts with South Africa;
( lit) we agree upon, and commend to other governments, tho
adoption of the followin further economic measures
against South Africa, thl cb have already been adopted
by a number of mater countries:
a ban on all now government loans to the
Governmenit of South africa and its agencies;
a readiness to take unilaterally. ihat action
may be possible to preclude the Import of
Krugerrand;
Wc no Goveruemnt funding for trade missions to
South Africa or for prticipation in exhibitions
and trade fairs in South-Africa;
Wd a ban an thesale and export of oputer
eq~ ipment capable of use by South African
military forces,, police or securty forces;
a ban on nowcontracts for te and
export of nuclear goos, materials and
technology to South Africa;,
Mf a ban on the sale and export of oil to
South Africa;
a strict and rigorously controlled embargo
on Imprts of arms, Ammunition, military
vehicles and paramilitary eqaipinent from
South Africa;
01) an soargo on all military coli'ration
with South Africa; and
discouragement of all cultural and scientific
events except wbere these contrite towards
the ending of apartheid or have no possible
role In prmotiq it.
7. It is our hope that the process and measures we have agreed upon
will help to bring about concrete progress towards the objectives stated
above in six months. The Heads of Governent mntioned in peragraph 5 above,
or their representatives, will then met to review thp situation. If in
tleir opinion adequate progress has not been made within this period, we
agree to consider the adoption of further measures. S~ o of us would, in
that event, consider the following steps mong others:
a ban on air links with South Africa;
a ban on now investment or reinvestment ' of profits
earned in South Africa;
a ban on the import of agricultural proAucts from
South Africa;
the termination of double taxation agreements with
South Africa;
the termination of all goverment assistance to
investment in, and trade with, South Africa;
a ban on all government procurement in South Africa;
a ban on government contracts with majority owned
South Arican companies;
a ban on the promotion of tourism to South Africa.
8. Finally, we agree that should all of the above measures fail to
produce the desired results within a reasonable perioa, further effective
measures will have to be considered. Many of us have either taken or are
prepared to take measures which go beyond those listed 4bove, and each of us
will pursue the objectives of this Accord in all the . wys and through all
appropriate fore open to us. We believe, however, that in pursuing this
Prograune jointly, we enlarge the prospects of an orderly transitirv to
social, economic and political justice in South Africa and peact md
stability in the Southern Africa region as a whole.
Lyford Cay, Nassau
October, 1985
CCI1EEALTH IMS OF GVD lwr MUTh
1. Comonwealth Heads of Government net in Nassau rm 16 to 22 October
1985. Of the 46 countries which attended 41 were represented by their Heads
of State or Prime Ministers. Thei-Prime Minister of Thi Bahamas, Sir Lynden
Pindling, was in the Chair.
2. Heads of Government sent a message of felicitation to Her Majesty
the Queen as Head of the Comonwealth. They expressed great pleasure at the
opportunity of meeting in Nassau and deep appreciation of the excellent
arranSements made for the Meeting and the generous hospitality extended to
them by the Government of The Bahamas.
3. Heads of Government warmly welcomed their colleagues from Brunei
Darussalsm, which had joined the Commonmalth on resiming Independence in
1984, and from St. Vincent and the Grenadines and the Republic of Maldives,
which had become full members since the last Meeting.
4. Heads of Government expressed their deep sense of loss at the death
of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of India, who had chaired their last eeting,
and of President Forbes Burnham of Guyana and Prime Minister Tom Adams of
Barbados, and recalled their significant services to the Commonealth.
In reviewing international developments since their last Meeting,
Heads of Government were concerned by the continuing evidence of a declinein
comitment to co-operative approaches to the ordering of global affairs.
Meeting as they did while the General Assembly of the United Nations was
marking the fortieth anniversary of the founding of the world body, Heads of
Government felt impelled to voice their concerns, and their hopes for the
future, in their separate Nassau Declaration on World Order. Their views on
a maber of other important problems and issues are set out below.
Di sarmemnt
6. Heads of Government welcomed the reactivtiop of bilateral arms
talks between the United States and the Soviet Union. iThey recogised that
these negotiations would be significantly influenced by the forthcoming
meeting in November between General Secretary Gorbachev and President Reagan,
and stressed the importance of a constructive and positive outcome. They
urged the two leaders to achieve their declared objective of preventing an
arms race in space and terminating it on earth.
7. As world civilisation was already under threat from existing nuclear
arsenals, they appealed to the two leaders to halt the ! wclesr arms race and
begin without delay the process of reversing it through significant measures
of nuclear disarmament. Mwost stressed In particular ths e red to prevent a
now and uncontrolled arms race in outer spae.
B. Recognising the significant contribution which the cessation of
nuclear testing within the framework Of an effective nuclear disarmament
process would represent, they called upon wiclear weapons states to
facilitate and pursue vigorously through the Comuittee on Disarfaament the
early resolut ion of outstanding problems, including the problem of
verification, over a Comprehensive Test ban Treaty Zn the meantime most
Heads of Government stressed the need for earnest e~ ffozit to be made for an
immiediate halt to the testing of nuclear weapons. Most Heads of Government
recalled the importance of the consensus declaration ' of the Third Review
Conference of the NonProlifeoration Treaty,
9. Heads of Government expressed special concern. that some countries
might be involved in the actual or potential manufacture' of chemical weapons,
and urged that a global aid verifiable agreement to ban the development,
production, stockpiling and deployment of chemical weapons be achieved as
soon as possible.-
small States Heads of Government welcomed the Report, ' Vulnerability: Small
States in the Global Society'. pre ared by the Consultative Group set up
following their New Delhi Meeting. Trey expressed their appreciation of the
comprehensive and sensitive analysis of the situation of small states and of
the unique problems that arise from their inherent high level of
vulnerability. They believed the Report would holp to increase international
awareness of the link between the well-being of mall states and wider
concerns for peace and security, and that this would enlarge the
for creative international responses. Heads of Government,
hoiever, stressed that action to reduce the vulnerability of these states
should not diminish their status as independent, sovereign and equal members
of the world comm~ unity. Efforts should be directed, at working for the
realisation of a global environment safe for small states and conducive to
their economic viability.
11. Heads of Government welcomed the wide range of approaches suggested
in the Group's Report directed at enabling small states to become more
self-reliant both through their own initiatives and through bilateral and
multilateral action. They also endorsed the Report's emphasis on the
increased potential for action at the regional level. Noting with appi -val
that some governments had already established programmes of support for .11
states, they urged continuing appraisal of these progrmme in the light of
the Report. They also encouraged other governments in a position to do so to
establish similar programmes.
12. Headis of Government drew particular attention to the analysis and
recomendations pertaining to the economies of small states. In respect of
immediate International action, they called on international i~ nancial
institutions to pay due regard, In providing access to their resources, to
the structural problems which impede economic divers if Icat ion and which are
compounded by the relatively higher per capita costs for installing and
maintaining infrastructure including transportation, the latter being of
particular significance to small island States. They tomeded the Report'i
reCoeuendat ions regarding graduation from IDA and the IM, and supported the
view expressed In the Report that " relatively high per capita income leveli
give a distorted view of actual development achievement. We regard It aC
extremely important that graduation should not be applied to s" all statel
until there is assurance of adequate availability of capital from othei
sources". They stressed too the relevance support for regional efforts ti
bolp overcome the problems, anating from small size. Recognising thi
Inevita~ bility of 4h relative openness of their leconomies and theli
susceptibility to external and internal shocks, they called also for earl,,
attention to the rec~ mendations concerning favourable access to produci
inarkets and to international safety-ret arrangements.
13. Heads of Government stressed the particular p~~ oblems being faced b,
small land-locked states In Southern Africa, especiallyl at this time, and the
need f or increased assistance for domestic and regilonal efforts to overcomi
their transportation and other special problems
14. Heads of Government asked the $ acre tary-Genera I to undertake
appropriate action to folo-up the Report's conclusio~ s and recommendationi
and to ensure that small states continue to receive priority in the econamit
and developaiental assistance rendered by the Secretariat. They welcomed th
fact that Report pointed directions In which mfill states could taki
measures to increase their national security capacity and urged the roed œ oi
a sustained Coimonwealth -wide effort to ensure tiia maximum benefit I!
derived from it. They also undertook to consider such appropriate forms ol
collective support as have been referred to in the Report, Doth within th
Conoealtb and through the United Nations. In addition, they called for
meeting of Commonwealth officials to formulate a programme of action ti
implement the recomendations and to press for international action wheri
required. Heads of Government drew particular attention . to the recommendation
that the United Nations should strengthen its capaity to safeguard th,
security of vulnerable states and that the United Nations Secretary-Genera
should play a more active role, In the spirit of Article 99 of the Unite,
Nations Charter, in responding to requests from a state feeling itself unde
military threat.
16. Heads of Government also stressed the importance of the role the.
the Comonvealth Secretar, eea& ol ly nassigacut
anticipating a security crisi. 7. eea col payi asstn a wr
17. Recognising the importance to small states of participation I& th
work of the United Nations, Heads of Government expressed appreciat ion of th
support given by Australia for the office in Now Yfork accommodating thb
permanent missions at the United Nations of several stiall ember states fro
the Asia-Pacific region. They also requested the Comsonwealt
Secretary -General to explore the possibility of the' extension of simila
facilities to other regional groups that migt seek such assistance for th
consideration of member governments. They also agreed to consider th
Possibility of collective funding and requiested the Secretary-General t
prfeent proposals to member states.
18. In commending tie Report to the lnternational cosunity Heads of
Govenrrnt asked the Secretary-General to facilitate its circulation both
within and beyond the Camme6ealth.
Southern Africa
19. Heads of Government, having set out in their leparate statement,
' The Comonalth Accord on Southern Africa', a united Voximmwealth response
to the continuing problem of apartheid In South Africa also addressed the
other najor issues of the region: the question of South Africa's continued
llel occupation of Namibia and the regime's acts of aggression against its
neighbouring states.
ZO. Heads of Govermwont were gravely concerned that Numbia' s
independence had been further delayed. They considered: the establishment of
the so-called interim administration as null and void & d renewed their call
for the imediate implementation of Security Council iesolution 435 ( 1978)
which they reaffirmed as the only acceptable basis fo bringing Namibia to
independence. In accordance with this position, they again rejected attempts
to delay Namibia's freedom by linking it to the withd~ awal of Cuban troops
from Angola. They also stressed that the policy of " coistructlve engagement"
had failed to end South Africa's Intransigence over Namibia as well as over
apartheid. 21. Heads of Goverment recalled that in New Delhi they had agreed that
if South Africa continued to obstruct the iplementation of Resolution 435,
the adoption of appropriate measures under the Charter of the United Nations
would have to be considered. They also agreed that the action which they
envisaged in their separate Accord on South Africa should be directed equally
towards ensuring South Africa's compliance with the wishes of the
international community on the question of Namibia.
22. Heads of Goverment recalled that when South Africa entered into
pacts with Angola and Mozambique early in 1984, the hope had been expressed
that they would lead to peace in the region. But far from breaking the cycle
of violence, South Africa had continued to occupy Anplan territory and to
launch attacks against that country. It had also continuod its
destabilisation programe against its neighbours as evidenced in its
self-confessed active support for UNITA, the Angolan rebel movement, and in
the support given to the MNR, the rebel movement in bzambique. Heads of
Government again called for the iuediate withdrawal of all South African
troops from Angola and an end to all assistance to dissident movements ii the
relion. They also called upon all states to do everything in their pow to
refrain from any actions which might entailed support for or encourage South
African attacks on or continued insurgency in these countries.
23. Heads of Government condemned the South African regime's continued
attacks on those neighbourin% cowtries which have refused to enter into
pacts with it. They especially deplored the brutal attack against Botswana
a Commorwesith country, in June 1985. In this regard they expressed full
support for Security Council Resolution 568 ( 1985) which called for an end to
all such acts of aggression and demanded that Sotth Africa make full
compensation to Botswana œ or the loss of life, injury and damage to property.
24. Heads of Government approved the report of the Commonwealth
Comittee on Southern Africa and in comending its work asked it to continue
paying particular attention to developmnts in Namibia and South Africa.
Heads of Government agreed that the progrsne to counteract
apartheid propaganda they had launched in New Delhi should be continued.
26. Heads of Governmnt welcomed the progress made by Comonwealth
training programes for South African and Namibian refugees and agreed that
these be expanded.
Cyprus 27. Heads of Government reaffirned the position they took at New Delhi
and their support for the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity,
unity and non-aligned status of Cyprus, and reiterated their condemnation and
non-recognition of the unilateral declaration of independence by the Turkish
Cypriot authorities in November 1983. They declared that they would not
recognise, and denounced, the subsequent measures designed to consolidate the
secessionist state in the area of Cyprus which to their deep regret remains
under foreign occupation. They noted with satisfaction that no other country
besides Turkey had recognised or given assistance to the illegal entity.
Heads of-Government stressed the importance of securing compliance with
Security Council resolutions calling for the withdrawal of the unilateral
declaration of independence and the continuation of the United Nations
Secretary-General's mission of good offices, and, in particular, Security
Council Resolutions 541 and 550. They strongly supported his latest
initiative and expressed the hope that all parties would co-operate fully
with him so that the negotiations could lead to a just and peaceful
settlement in accordance with the Charter principles and United Nations
resolutions on Cyprus. They also urged that no action be taken which might
exacerbate the situation.
28. Heads of Government commended the work of the Commonuealth Action
Group on Cyprus they had set up at their last Meeting and the support it had
given to the United Nations Secretary-General's good offices mission. As an
expression of their continuing solidarity with the Government and people of
Cyprus and their colleague, the President of Cyprus, they agreed that the
Group should continue to monitor developments and assist the
Secretary-General's efforts.
Belize 29. Heads of Government reaffirmed their full support for the effor. of
the Government of Belize to maintain its territorial integrity and
consolidate its independence in the context of the claims to a part of its
territory by Guatemala. Noting positive indications of a shared desire to
reach agreement, they urged the parties to pursue neotiations to achieve a
lasting settAeuwnt at ttew * arlieat uipjult unity. They ronfitr. md their
readiness to co-operate in the search for a settleent and the mandate
authorising the Secretary-General to convene the Cauwonwealth Ministerial
Coaittee on Belize whenever necessary. They comnended the continuing role
of the British Government in helping to provide for Belize's security.
I
Heads of Government welcomed the constructive efforts underway to
resolve the controversy arising from Venesuela's territorial claim to more
than two-thirds of Guyana's territory. They noted that the Governments of
both countries had referred the lhoice of means of settlement to the
Secretary-General of the United Nations in accordance with the 1966 Geneva
Agreement, ard had pledged every assistance for his1 efforts. They were
encouraged b the expressed determination of the two governments to reach
ar~ nt an their hopes for a peaceful settlement.
South Pacific
31. Heads of Government reaffirmed their support for the right cf the
peoples of the remaining non-self-governing territories: of the South Pacific
to self-determination and independence in accordance with the Charter of the
United Nations. They stressed the need to secure the ' early independence of
New Caledonia. They endorsed the call by the South Pacific Porm to all
parties to engage in constructive dialogue for a peaceful and lasting
resolution of New Caledonia's problems. While welcoming the fact that France
ha & Srood to an act of slf.-doteruination tm hp. wd by the end of 1987 at
the latest, they also expressed the hope that there would bo a positive
response to the call on it by the South Pacific Forum that prior electoral
reform be undertaken; and tht it clarify its announced intentions with
regard to its military presence in New Caledonia.
32. Heads of Government expressed their belief that nuclear weapon free
zones, on the basis, among other criteria, of agreements freely arrived at
among states of a region, could constitute an important disarmament measure.
They welcomed the adoption of the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty by
the South Pacific Forum on 6 August 1985 at Rarotonqa as an important step in
global and regional efforts to prevent nuclear proliferation. They noted that
consultations would be held on the draft Protocol3 to, tho Treaty to enlist
the support of nuclear wapon states for the Treaty and its Protocols.
33. Heads of Government recognised that continued nuclear testing In the
region by Prance was a major reason for the Forum's adoption of the Treaty.
Most of them also expressed their strong opposition to the continuation of
nuclear tests and to proposals to dump or store nuclear waste in the regi i.
South-East Asia
34. Heads of Government noted with great concern the continuing tension
in South-East Asia arising particularly from the armed conflict in Kampuchea
which posed a serious threat to peace and security of ' the region as a whole
and if left unchecked would lead to active intervention by major powers.
They reaffirmed their support for the right of the people of Kampuchea to
determine their own destiny free from foreign interference, subversion and
coercion. The Heads of Government reiterated their position, as reflected at
the 1981 Malbourne Commonwealth Heads of Government Heting, the 1982 Suva
Comonwealth Heads of Government Regional M4eetin. aend at the 1983 New Delhi
Comonwealth Heads of Government Meeting including the; call for the spedy
withdrawal of all foreign forces from Kampuchea. They also asgreed on the
urgent need for a. comprehensive political aettlement which would ensure peace
in the region. Noting the recent events on the issue, they exphatsised that
the search for such a settlement should be continued in a constructive manner.
A a further mm* nn of ensuring lastinj peace iand stability in the
region. Heads of Government noted with approval efforts being made towards
the early establishment of a zone of peace, freedom and neutrality in the
region, and urged all states to fully support these efforts.
Indian Ocean
36. Heads of Government noted the efforts made in the past two years
towards agreement on the preparatory work for the long delayed United Nations
Conference on the Implementation of the 1971 Declaration of the Indian Ocean
as a Zone of Peace. They emphasised the importance of the Conference in view
of the continuing military presence of outside powers, in the Indian Ocean
against the wishes of most littoral and hinterland states. They reiterated
the need to carry forward the preparations in order that the holding of the
Conference could be mnde possible, with the participation of all concerned
States, in the first half of 1986 as called for by the relevant United
Nations General Assembly resolution in 1984.
The Caribbean
37. Heads of Government noted with satisfaction the reduction of tension
in the area and the efforts to strengthen regional co-operation in the
Caribbean and pledged their suppport for the region's collective efforts to
accelerate developaent.
Central America
38. Heads of Government were gravely concerned by the continuing tension
in Central America. At the New Delhi Meeting they had noted with great
concern the escalation of tensions which posed a threat to the peace and
stablility of the region with potentially dangerous consequences for
international security. They stressed the urgent need to reduce these
tensions and to achieve a lasting peace through dialogue and negotia ons.
Despite progress in some areas, the situation had not improved in Ajor
respects. In this context they expressed their continuing support for the
Contadora Group's efforts to promote dialogue with the aim of finding lasting
solutions to the region's problems and promoting its development. Believing
that the Contadora Act of Peace and Co-operation in Central America of 7
September 1984 had significantly assisted the negotiating process, they urged
all states to refrain from carrying out, supporting or promoting political.
economic or military actions which sight aggravaLe the situation in the
region, and particularly in Nicaragua, or impede the Group'a efforts.
Mediterranean 39. Heads of Government noted with concern the continuing dangerous
situation of accumulation of forces in the M4. dlterranean region and the
persistence of unresolved conflicts. They called for restraint and expressed
the view that the prospects of reduction of forces and armaments in the
region would be enhanced through a Just and durable settlement to all the
problems in the region.
Heads of Government noted initiatives bein$ taken by various
Mediterranean countries with the objective of transforming their region into
a zone of peace, security and co-operation. They reaffirmed that security,
co-operation and confidence-building in the Mediterranean and in Europe are
closely interrelated.
41. In this context, they noted with interest the results and Jecisions
of the first meeting of Foreign Ministers of Non-kligned M~ editerranean
countries held in Valletta, Malta in September 1984, intended as a
preliminary basis for furthear initiatives towards peace in the region.
42. Heads of Government welcomed the reaffirmaion by the Foreign
Ministers of Non-Aligned Mediterranean countries at that meeting of their
resolve to avoid the resort to force, or threat of' force, in relations
between them. They reed to work actively to secure ' agreement on measures
to reduce tens ion in tieregion.
Kiddle East
43. Heads of Governmtnt, noted with deep concern that the tensions
arising from the unretolvod problems of the Middle East, especially the
Palestinian issue, continued to pose a grave threat to international peace
and security. They stressed the need to intensify efforts to achieve a
settlement on the basis of relevant United Nations resolutions, Israel's
withdrawal from territories occupied since 1967 and recognition of the
inalienable rights of the Palestinian people to a national homeland, Qz well
as the rights of all states in the region to live in peace within secure
borders. They hoped that the Jordanian-Palestinian agreement of February
1985 would assist progress towards a framew~ ork for durable peace. Host Heads
of Government reaffirmed their view that the Palestinian Liberation
Organisation, as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian
people, must be involved on an eqwil footing in negotiations for a settlement.
44. Heads of Government expressed their deep concern at the violence
whichi continues in various areas of Lebanon and reaffirmed their support for
the territorial integrity, independence and sovereignty of Lebanon and for
the efforts of the Lebanese Government and people to ; restore stability WWd
peace to their country.
Afghani stan
4S. Heads of Government noted that in spite of the onoing process of
indirect talks through the intermediary of the United Nations
secretary-General's Special Representative, major: barriers remined
p reventing agreement on the key provisions for eventual political agreement.
Tey renewed their call for an urgent search for a nog otiatod settlemnt,
based on the withdrawal of foreign troops and fit, 1 respect for the
Independence, sovereignty and non-ali~ ned status of Afghanistan, and strict
observance of the principles of non-intervention and non-intarierence, which
would leave the Afghan people free to determine their n future. They also
roeaCflrmod the right of Afghan refugees to return to their hoi6s in safety
and honour.
Terrorin 46. Heads of Government were deeply concerned at the growing incidence
of terrorism world-wide with its increasing toll on innocent lives. They
condemned all terrorist activities whether perpetrated by individuals, groups
or states, and resolved to counter them by every means possible. They in
particular acknowledged the duty of governments to refrain from acts of, and
encouragement to, terrorism in the territories of other states, and to resist
the demands of terrorists, including demands for safe haven. They stressed
the need for states to co-operate more closely in prev'enting and combating
all form of terrorism and promoting appropriate action through competent
international organisations. They also agreed to strengthen their adherence
to the relevant legal instruments including those adopted under the auspices
of the International Civil Aviation Organisation and the International
Convention against the Taking of Hostages.
47. They urged the media to exercise due care in reporting on all forms
of terrorist activity so as to avoid giving unwitting support to terrorism.
Law of The Sea
48. Heads of Government took note that the work of the Preparatory
Comission of the International Seabed Authority and the International
Tribunal for the Law of the Sea has been proceeding apace in Kingston and
Ocneva. Kt. iL rerflrmod the importonco they attached to the Conventlon so on
instrument of international co-operation and developmnt and urged, as they
had in New Delhi, that all states should accede to the Convention and proceed
to the ratification process without unnecessary delay.
World Ecornic Situation
49. Heads of Government expressed concern at the continuing difficult
world economic situation and its ipact on developing countries. They
recognised that there were positive features such as the control of inflation
and a recovery in output in most developed countries. However, they also
noted that the recovery bad generally slowed down. They were concerned at
the fragility and unevenness of the recovery and its failure, so far, to
benefit most parts of the developing world. In spite of progress mac on
some fronts, there were deep uncertainties about economic prospects.
Heads of Government noted that the economic position of the vast
majority of developing countries remained grave, especially in sub-Saharan
Africa, with per capita incomes falling from levels which were already
seriously inadequate. Balance of payments pressures, aggravated by falling
comodity prices, onerous debt servicing obligations and redued, or in soe
cases reverse, capital flows had imposed severe constraints on growth.
51. Heads of Government stressed the mutuality of intorest between
developed and developing countries. They welcomed the growing recognition in
industrial countries of the reality of interdependence, OrWdt0 the ne to
broaden the basis of expansion through bolder, co-ordinatedi action. In this
regard they noted the growing importance of thle liyiks between finance andi
trade. They also noted the view of leading developed countries that exchange
rates should better reflect fundamental conditions than, has been the case.
They urged all countries, and particularly the major developed countries, to
show greater concern for the repercussions of their policies on the
developing countries. They recognised that the critical situation fads
developing countries necessitated urgent action to improve the external
onviromment higher growth and a rollback of protectionist measures
espacially in industrial countries; loier interest rates; and significantly
increased external assistance and foreign investment as well as continuing
efforts to improve their domestic economies.
52. Heads of Governmsent considered -the finel R prt of the Consultative
Group on International Econmic Action, which they hd set up at their Now
Delhi Meeting, and expressed appreciation of the Grop Is work. They noted
its contribution to the holding of the special Springl~ ashington wnetings of
the Development and interim COauittees in 198S. Heads of Government recalled
the Statement on Economic Action which they had issued at New Delhi. They
considered it important to develop an active dialogue on the functioning of
the International monetary and financial systeu. In this context they noted
that the Spring 41986 meetings of the Developwmnt and Interim Committees would
provide an opportunity for in-depth examination of the relevnt issues, In
the light of the reports by the Group of 10 developed countries and the Group
of 24 developing cot. mtriez.
Financial Flows
53. Heads of Government noted the sericuo decline, roince thoy last met,
in financial flows to developin countrieg. Thoro had boon a substantial
fall In multilateral ofticial Tlaws, bank lon~ ing, foreiin inetmont cM~
export credit, and stagnation in cencessional flows. Net flows of rewoircos
to developing cotmtries as a % whole hzd boccae naative.
54. Heads of Govermgent reviewed the developing country debt problem and
acknowledged the continuing validity of the concern expressed in the Report
of the Coumonwealth Expert Group on Debt. Despite action by bank.%,
international financial institutions aMa governments to stabilise it, the
situation rmeiried precarious. They welcomed the Report's detailed attention
to the 5erious debt problems of many low-income developing coamtries, to
which insufficient attention had been paid by the international comunity.
Heads of Government emphasised the importance attached to the -ole
of multilateral institutions in chaane111inZ resourcos to developin
countries. They welcomed the growing consensus reflected at the SeOul
meetings of the World Bank and the IMP on the need for these institutions to
have a considerably enlarged role in supporting growth-oriented adjustaent.
They noted the proposals of the United States Administration in this repard,
and looked forward to early elaboration of the detailo. They called for a
substantial general capital increase to peruit the World Bank to fulfil the
larger role envisaged for it. In the case of the small island economies this
role should, in the prevailing economic circumstances, include a reviGV of
the graduation policy which has been progressivoly applied to those
economies. In relation to low-income countries it was crucial to secure a
substantially Increased replenlishment for IDA 8, with strict respect for the
timetable envisaged by the Development Co= ittee.
56. HeadA of Government recognised the need for adjustment in countries
drawing on Do resources. They also acknowledged that in many cases
adjustment had to take place over a longer period, with conditionality
appropriate to the circusgtances of the country concerned and the time period
roquIrod. While closer co-ordination betwoon the I) 4P and the World Bank use
necessary, there was growiln8 concern about cross-condittonalIty; they
emphasised the value of the Secreturiat making a carefu study of this issue
as requested by Finance Ministers. Heads of Government welcomed the
reactivation of the IW Trust Fund and noted that Eurth9r resources would be
required for structural adjustment lending on similar concossional terms to
low-income countries. They applauded the decision of Irdta end China not to
avail themselves of the Trust Fund, so permitting other low-income countries
to benefit more from the limited resources available.
57. They also emphasised the Fund's surveillance role, and in particular
the need for strengthening the Fund's surveillance of the economic policies
of ma) or industrialised countries. They agreed that a more equitable sharin
the burden of adjustment should be one of the principal aims of
multilateral surveillance.
58. They endorsed the view of the World Bank's Task Force that
concessional resources were gener3lly weli used and that an increaso in such
flows was needed. They ur3ed donor countries to redouble their efforts to
increase concessional flows in line with internationally asreed targets and
as far as possible to give priority in the distribution of such additional
aid to low-income countries, particularly the least developed. They also
emphasised the vital importance of private capital, In: this connection they
expressed appreciation of the Secretariat's practical ' ork in relation to
capital markets and foreign investment.
International Trade
59. They noted with concern that the benefits of the recovery in world
trade had not been uldely shared. Commodity prices had fallen, worsenin the
terms of trade of many coamodity exporting countries. They regretted the
lack of progress in the negotiation of international coiodity agreements and
in establishing the Comnon Fund. They also called for improvd access to the
IF's Compensatory Financing Facility to offset export earnings instabilit,.
Heads of Government noted with serious concern chat, since they iast
met in New Delhi, there had been an alarming increase in protectionist
pressures, an Increase in trade barriers outside the GATT and a proliferation
of discriminatory trade practices. Protectionism was a grave threat to world
economic growth and resunption of progress on trade liberalisation was
urgently needed. Heads of Government therefore affirmed the importance of a
new round of multilateral trade negotiations in the GAT" in helping to
restore confidence in the multilateral syeton and roverse protectionism.
They noted the statement by the GT Contracting Parties that a preparatory
process on the proposed new round of multilateral trade negotiations had now
been initiated and they looked forward to On early agreemont on an AMRc And
timetable for the new round. They emphasised, however, that sustantive
progress would occur only if the interests of all participants receive
& 4oquate attention, and there is respect for the principles enshrined in the
Tokyo Round. They urged that the large amount of preparator technical work
on new issues should not delay or prevent urgeintl neee proes on
outstanding GATT mandates, notably those arising from the 1982 Ministerial
Work Prograume.
61. Heads of Government believed that consultations amorl Coinonwalth
countries could assist their preparation for negotiations. They requested
the Secretary-General to assist member governments, particularly those not
permarently represented in Geneva, to prepare for their Oarticipation in the
new round. With this in view, they asked him to give priority to ongoing
work in this area and prepare a comprehensive paper an issues of concern to
Comoir. alth governments.
Sub-Saharan African Problems
62. Heads of Government paid particular attention to the multiple
problem faced by sub-Saharan African countries, very! many of whm were
members of the Comm! onealth. These problems were both short And long term
and both external and internal. Heads of Government noted the comprehensive
approach adopted by the Organisation of African Unity in the Declaration
issued at its su~ it meeting in July. On internal policies, they noted the
convergence of views, s reflectod in the S& mit Declaration, and welcomed
the determine measures already taken. They exprossod satisfaction with
national and international reief efforts and noted that more favourable
weather had eased the immiediate food crisis in many African countries. They
eimphasised that the region's long-term problems could not be solved without
the application of appropriate agricultural technolog and improved
infrastructure. In add iti on, development of industrial andservice sectors,
as well as moderation of population pressures, were of vital importance in
the promotion of balcznced growth.
63. Heads of Government noted that for domestic poicies to work it was
neessary to create a more Eavourable external economic environment and to
increws the inward flow of resources. They stressed the problem of
sub-Saharan African Indebtedness, emphasising that it differed qualitatively
from that of other regions. They cal led f or urgent consideration of measures
to ease the debt burdens of countries in. sub-Saharan Africa. In this
connnection, most Heads of Government endorsed the czll of the Organism ton
of African Unity for a conference involving creditors, debtors and . he
international financial institutions to consider measures to ease the burden$
of these countries. As ain imuediate step they stressed the necessity * for
additional concessional financing and increased flexibility in debt servicing
Arrangements. 64. Heads of Government noted with special interest the Report, ' African
Agriculture: Building for the Future', comp3iled by a Commonwealth Action
Group, following a recommendation at the 1984 meeting of Commonweelth Senior
Officials. They endorsed the conclusions and recommiendation~ s on the role the
Comonwealth, and the Secretariat, could play in helping to Gs* tho
constraints on -long-term development in Africa. They Qiabed the
Secretary-General to ensure that the Group's reccumendations are I lemeuted
as 5sedily aS possble. They requested Couonwsith An ricultural inisters
to follo0w up r Report at their Novemb~ er 198S meeting. They expressed
appreciation at the speed with which the CMF had already responded to urgent
requests for assistance and the greater emphasis it was giving to Africa and
ariculture in its ope rations. They emphasised the useful consultative role
te Secretariat could play in assisting project preparttion to speed upq the
use of external. finance and in assisting agricultural policy development, In
which it was asked to take due account of the role of women in agriculture.
Poplstion and Deve1lpmnt
Heads of Government noted the recommendations of the International
Conference on Population in Mexico City in August 1984. They recognised the
close but complex linkb between population growth, resources, the enivironment
and living standards. They reiterated their continuiing fire * support for the
agreed population progrraes of the United Nations and other multilateral
organisations. They felt that the Commonwealth should co-oporate more
actively with current national and international programes In this field.
Drug Abusb and Illicit Traffickin
66. Heads of Government were deeply concerned at t6e rig in incidence of
drug abase and illicit drug traffickire that was seriously threatening the
social fabric and security of many countries. They recognised that it called
for a wide range of responses. includling urgent attention to problems. affecting
young persons and to the rehabilitation of its victims. They agreed that
governm~ ents should co-operate, both to counter the internation, 2l traffic in
illicit drugs and to deny to those convicted of drug trafficking the proceeds
of their crime and looked to the early implementation of a ibchem for
enhanced co-operation between Com~ onvalth countries in'this regard.
67. Heads of Government were also disturbed by the extent to which the
profits made by drug traffickers were used In criminal and -subversive
activities often across international borders. They invited Commonealth Law
Ministers to explore measures to counter this trend. While supporting ale
work of existin international organisations in the field of narcotics comtrol,
Heads of Government welcomed the proposal of the United Nations
Secretary -General for the convening of an international, conference at a high
political level in 1987 to deal with all aspects of drug abuse and
trafficking and expressed the hope that action would be. expedited on the
related proposed now Convent ion.
bamn Rights
68. Heads of Government reaffirmed the iMportance which all Commonwealth
Governments attach to the observance of human rights. They welcoced the
recent estab) f shment of . a &= taan Rights Uni t in the ; Secretariat and looked
forward to its assistance in proiaoting understanding-and respect for human
rights within the Commonwealth, in accordance with the pinciPles enshrined
in Coinonwealth Declarations and . the main internat tonal huan righto
instrumnents.
International Year of Shelter for the Homeless
69. Heads of Government expressed their appreciation of the initiative
taken by the Government of Sri Lanka to focus attention on the needs of the
homeless. They agreed on the need to give priority, consistent with national
resources and policies, to efforts to improve the shelter and neilhbourhood
of the poor and disadvantaged people throughout the Coamnwealth. As well as
supporting international measures under the auspices of the United Nations,
which has proclaimed 1987 as the International Year of Shelter for the
Homeless, they invited the Secretary-General to explore the scope for
complementary action in Cocmonwealth programmes of functional co-operation.
Universal Child Imunisation
Heads of Government expressed their support for United Nations
efforts to achieve the goal of universal child iamunisation. against
prevantable disease by 1990, and their hope that goverments would intensify
their own efforts to this end. They expressed their apprectation of Canada's
contribution towards the support of iamunisation capagns in Comonwealth
countries and looked to further support from the donor ccumity.
Comonwealth Secretariat Twentieth Anniversary
71. Meeting in the year marking the twentieth anniversary of the
establishment of the Commonwealth Secretariat, Heads of Government expressed
their ware comendation of the role of the Secretariat in service to the
Commonwealth, and to Comonwealth governments, in the past two decades. The
Secretariat had been crucial to the enlargement of collective endeavours
which had both assisted member nations and strengthened the sense of
community of the Commonwealth; it had also assisted them in advancing the
Commonwealth's contribution to the world community.
72. Heads of Government expressed their deep appreciation of the role
which the Secretary-General had played in Commonwealth affairs and of the
leadership which he had given to the Secretariat in the past ten years.
Next Meeting
73. Heads of Government accepted with pleasure the invitation of the
Government of Canada to hold their next Meeting in Canada.
CO00WEALTH FLJNcrIKA cW-W'pATION
1. Heads of Government welccoW the progress made in the various areas
of Commuonwealth functional co-operation which represented a vital aspect of
their collective ardeavours and gave practical expression to the CCvOIwrmajth
spirit of partnership. They expressed atisfaction at the emphasis placed on
cost-effective functioning And resPOnsiveness to the evolving needs of sober
countries. They also rnoted the continuing efforts of the Secretariat to make
the fullest use of its staff resources through inter-divisiomil collaboration
and the progress made by the izn Resource Development Group in bringing a
multidisciplinary approach to the work of the Secretariat.
Comorsealth Fund for Technical Co-W~ ration
2. Heads of Government reaffirmed their confidence in the Comonwsalth
Fundl for Technical Co-operation ( CPTC) and their apprecliation of Its role in
the work of the Comnonwealth. They noted with satisfaction the high
reputation the CFTC had gained cis a technical a~ sistance agency and the
increasing readiness of larger development gencies to enlist its
collaboration. They welcomed further evidence of the CFTC's capacity to
orient its services to meot newly perceived needs as exemplified in its
caossnitsrtiabnucteio n to toco untlroinegs er-itne rmth e sfoileultdio nos f dteob t tthmea nageocuosuxot. n ica. n d priotbsl emgrso winojf
sub-Saharan Africa. Recognising the Importance of maintaining CFTC's
momentum in view of the increasing developm~ ental needs of member countries,
anid in particular those of w~ all and vulnerable membe: s, Heads of Government
pledged their efforts to achieve the CYT. C' resource tart~.
ftloyment, tabour arnd Technolog~ ical Charij
3. Heads of Governmient discussed the Report, ' Technological Change:
Enhancing the Benefits', by a Comomtealth Working group which had been
established followin their New Dealh~ i Reting. They expressed appreciation
of the work of the Group and endorsed its general approach. They asked the
Secretary-General to submit detailed proposals In respect of thea.
recommendationu for Caonwealth co-op~ ration whiich have f inanial
imlicationls. They also asked, 93 an itmudivito steps that the
Secretary-General should convene regional meetings.' drawing on both
government and non-government representation, to discuss those
recommendations in the Report which impinge on national licies, incluift
eq~ loyuent policies and on which an exchange of ideas aSrexperiencas would
be beneficial. The Secretary-General was further requested to make Owe
Report widely available to the International comunity. and to bring role int
recoimmendations to the attention of the. international Institutions concern~.
4. Heads of Government registered their serious concern with the levels
of unemployment and underemployment in member countrie. s, And particularly
with the rate of unemployment among young men and womein. They approved In
principle the establishment' of -an expert group on youth unemploymnt and
asked the Secretary -General to consider, in coflaultatlon with member
governments, the modalities and terms of reference of such a group. A
detailed report should be made to ThploymentfLabour Ministers at their next
meting In 1987 for them to advise Heas of Govornment.
S. llesds of Goverrunent expressed satisfactlon that the Cmmonw Iath
Industrial Training and Experience Programme ( CITEP) would soon be
established under the auspices of the Commonwealth Fund for Technical
Co-operation. They noted that CITE provides a facility for increasin
Comonwealth co-operation in training in the use of emerging technologios and
asked the Comonwealth Secretariat to give priority to such requests by
member governments.
6. Heads of Goverrment indicated their continuing support for
Secretariat training activities for South Africans and Nmibian$ in Southern
Africa and acknowledged the contribution which could be made in this field by
the Comonwealth Trade Union Council In this context, Heads of
Government noted with interest the memorandum submitted by the CTUC and
expressed their contirnuin support for OW training Activities.
The Commonwealth and Women and Develonmnt
7. fleads of Goverrinent reaffirmed their commitment to achievinT the
full participation of women as agents and beneficiaries of development. They
welcomed the conclusions and recomendations of the inaugural Hoetir, of
Comonwealth Ministers Responsible . for Women's Affairs, as a valuable
Commonwealth contribution to sustaining the momentum of efforts to improve
the situation of womon generated during the United Nations Decade for Women.
They expressed satisfaction that the intorrationl cc~ unity had agreed in
Nairobi o: n Porward-Loo! ing Strategies for the Advancement of Women to the
Year 2000.
8. Heads of Government approved Ministers' recomendations on
mechanisms for planning and impleentation at the national level whichi focus
on ensuring that woen and development issues are incorporated in the procesa
of policy planning in all sectors. In support of this objective, Heads of
Government directed that Coonwealth Ministerial Meetings should, as a
matter of general practLice, address relevant development issues of particular
concern to women, and that the important role of women in food production and
the impact of structural adjustment policies on women required particular
atont ion.
9. Heads of Govornment comended the work of the Secretariat's Women
and Development Progranme, and endorsed the conclusions of the Commonwealth
Nairobi Meeting of Ministers. Heads of Government endorsed, together with
its financial implications, the Secretariat Policy Statement on Womn and
Development that complements national Initiatives, and noted with ap!-oval
the Secretariat's intention to prepare a detailed Plan of Action to t = ure
effective implementation of the Policy Statement. To give impetus to
Comonwealth action, and in particular to consider the proposed Plan of
Action, Heads of Government invited Ministers Responsible for Women's Affairs
to meet again before their 1987 Meeting and at intervals thereafter to be
determined in the light of that meeting.
Commonwealth Youth Prorame
Heads of Government noted with satisfaction the continued work of
the Commonwealth Youth Programme. They commended the, Programme's activities
during International Youth Year and hoped these would have a lasting Impact.
11. Heads of Government sympathising with the concern expressed at the
Comonwealth Conference of Young Peopl10 held to Mark International Youth Year
tilt there should be genuine partic ipa tion by youth in th activities of
their comunities and1 counfrifab, andi or tho Commonuoith, ogroo that there
shoud be Increased youth participation in the Programme itself, and that it
should promote consultation and co-operation amon; Corwnonwealth youth. Heads
of Government endorsed in principle the Conference's reconvendations which
look towards the ProgrammeS's further evolution as a source of practical
assistance for staff, institutional and policy development to bath
governments and non-gover1mental organisations.
12. Heads of Governm~ ent resolved to ensure that the resources pledged to
the Comommnith Youth Programmne are at least maintained in real terms and to
assuist the evolution of the Progam ln h iesrcmeddb h
Conference of Young People. grmeaogtelnsecmnddb th
Comualth Student Mobility
13. Heads of Government once again reviewed the issue of Commzonealth
student mobility, a subject to which they attach importance because of its
value for individuals, for the development -of mem-ber countries and for the
future of. the Comonwealth itself. Disturbed by the continuinS decline in
intra-Commonwealth student flows, they agreed there was an urgent need for
all Commonwealth governments to examine how this trend could be reversed
within the framework of the principles containe-d in the Statement on Student
Mobility issued by Co~ onwealth Ministers of Education in Nicosia in 1984.
In this context, and w~ ith a view to restoring growth, Hads of Governm~ ent
endorsed the conclusions reached by Commonwealth Ministers of Education at
thoir recent meeting in Sofia.
14. Heads of Government expressed appreciation of the work of the
Cemonweith Standing Comittee on Student Mobility, asked it to keep the
situation under review, and invited all Commonwealth governwnts to give the
closest consideration to it5 cortstructive pr psals. Particularly encourAged
by the potential for collaboration in higher cducation through distance
education and the use of new technologies, they requested the
Secretary-Geineral to explore the scope for now Cc~ uuonvealth initiatives in
the field of open learning.
CmoRmRMaith Science Council
1S. Heads of Government reaffirmed their support for the work a. the
Comonwealtki Science Council in fostering co-operative activities designed to
strengthen the scientific and technological capabilities of member
countries. They. welcamed the Expert ' Group's Report on ' Science for
Technology for Deve lopmient'. and endorsed the expanded prograwme of
co-operation within the Commonweulth as agreed by the iCouncil in Ottawa in
1984. In noting the approach now used to formulate projects to attract
external funding, they hoped that member countries would strengthen financial
and other support to projects, provide leadership where appropriate and
incrsse the involvement of local participants from different sectors.
16. Heads of Government agreed to review sympathetically the Council#&
position in financing projects St their next Meeting, when the present
approach had been tested, anid reiterated the priority they accord to
strengthening Commonw. aith scientific andi technological co'-operation.
Consular Relations in the CoSuonealth
17. Heads of Government recognized the continuing value of Ccrweal th
co-operation on consular matters in accordance with the understandings they
reached in 1973. They endorsed the recomendations of the Report on Corsuler
Relations within the Couuonwath, including that for a focal point in the
Secretariat for the exchange of Information on Ccomoramealth consular
relations. Financial Contributions
18. Heads of Government recognised that delays in the payeent of
contributions and pledges to the budgets of the various official Commonwealth
oroanisationus and progreazue had inevitable edverse' effects on their
activities. They agreed to increase their efforts to oansure that arrears
were cleared and -future contributions and pledges paid whien due.
The Conowoalth Foundation
19. Noting that the Comonwealth Foundation would celebrate Its
anniversary in 1986, Heads of Government comended iti role in promoting
Cc= onwealth understanding and its growing capacity to B'sot socio-economic
development. They welcomed its recent initiative to estiblish liaison units
in each member state as an appropriate step in' developing better
communications between the official anid unofficial Cocnorwalth.
Heads of Government noted with approval tha increase in the nmber
of Commonwelth proaesional * 539odations anid tho latzschi ng of now projects,
schemes and fellowhips. They expressed satisfacti on ' that following thoenlargement
of the Foundation's remit in 1979, It hand been increasingly
concerned with NGOs an grassroot movements which give'local expression to
priority needs. In order to maintain its present lovei of operation, they
agreed to set new targets for the Foundation's incoue at 1.54 million pounds
for 1986/ 87 and 1.61 million pounds for 1987/ 88.
The Comonwealth and Non-GoverlmfltalOr anisatiois
21. Heads of Governmnt noted the continuing vigour of non-governmental
orlanisat ions in the Commonwealth and expressed appreciation of their
contribution to social and economic progress in memuber ; countries as well as
to the links between Commonwealth countries and peoples! which are imrrtant
to the future of the association. It was agreed that official bodFOes, at
national, regional and Commonwealth level, should ontinue efforts to
strengthen links with the unofficial sector to their autual benefit. While
welcoming the decision of the Commonwealth Foundation to promote the setting
up of a network of national NGO liaison units, Heads of Governmnt asked the
Secretary-General to consider the most efficient means of promoting further
co-operation and collaboration with and between non-governmental
organisations. Cultural Co-operation
22.. Heads of Government expressed their
Commonwmalth Institute in promoting public
richness of eamonwalth cultures.
Report of the Secretary-General
23. Heads of Government commended the
Secretary-General and noted with appreciation the
various areas of Comonwealth activity since their appreciation of the role of the
awareness of the variety and
Tenth Report of the
continued progress made in
last Meeting.